Market Foundations

Candle anatomy — reading a single bar

6 min read

Every candle tells the story of a battle between buyers and sellers during one period of time. Before you can read structure, liquidity or volume, you need to read a single candle fluently.

The four prices: OHLC

OHLC stands for Open, High, Low, Close — the four prices every candle contains.

BULLISH CANDLEHighCloseOpenLowwick →body →BEARISH CANDLEOpenClose
A bullish candle closes ABOVE its open (green). A bearish candle closes BELOW its open (red). Wicks show where price traveled but could not stay.
  • Open — the first traded price of the period.
  • High — the highest price reached.
  • Low — the lowest price reached.
  • Close — the last traded price; the most important of the four, because it shows who won the battle.

Bodies and wicks

The body (the thick part between open and close) is the *result* of the battle. The wicks (thin lines above and below) are *traces of rejection* — price went there and was pushed back.

Wicks are footprints

A long wick means price visited a level and got rejected hard. In later tracks you will learn that long wicks often mark a liquidity sweep — the single most important footprint smart money leaves on a chart. Remember: the wick is the fight, the body is the verdict.

Colors are just a convention

Green/red (or white/black) only encode whether close is above or below open. The information is in the *proportions*: big body + tiny wicks = conviction; tiny body + long wicks = indecision or rejection.

Pass mark: 4/5